Women drinking than ever before: NFHS

A recent survey by the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) has revealed a higher percentage of women consuming alcohol than ever before, highlighting a significant shift in societal norms and long-standing gender stereotypes.

The data collected between 2019 and 2021 paints a diverse picture influenced by regional culture, tribal traditions, urbanisation, and shifting gender roles. In some tribal-dominated areas, locally brewed beverages are deeply embedded in daily life and social customs, contributing to a more gender-inclusive approach to alcohol consumption. Meanwhile, younger, economically independent women in urban centres are also part of this evolving pattern, driven by changing lifestyles, global influences, and increasing stress levels.

Arunachal Pradesh tops the chart, with 24.2 percent of women reported to consume alcohol. The high figures are closely tied to the region’s cultural practices. Rice beer or apong is a customary offering to guests and plays a central role in social gatherings. Sikkim follows, with 16.2 percent of women consuming alcohol. The state's rich tradition of household liquor production is notable, with chhaang, a fermented millet beer, being particularly popular.

Assam ranks third, with 7.3 percent of women reported as alcohol consumers. Among the state's tribal communities, brewing and consuming alcohol is a long-standing tradition, and whisky remains the most favoured beverage.

In Telangana, 6.7 percent of women consume alcohol, with a higher prevalence noted in rural regions. whisky and beer are the most popular choices in the state. Jharkhand sees 6.1 percent of its female population consuming alcohol. A study published in the Journal of Adivasi and Indigenous Studies links this trend to marginalised tribal areas, where limited opportunities have pushed some women towards both alcohol consumption and sale as a means of livelihood.

The Andaman & Nicobar Islands report a 5.0 percent rate among women. Here, traditional beverages such as handia, toddy, and jungli are part of the local drinking culture. Similarly, in Chhattisgarh, 4.9 percent of women reported alcohol consumption. The preference leans towards whisky and vodka, with both cultural norms and individual choice influencing drinking habits.

The growing normalisation of alcohol use among women across various demographics underscores the dynamic and changing face of India.